仪器与探测器：2025–2026 年度综述

An annual survey of the physics.ins-det arXiv category, covering research published from September 2025 – August 2026. Built on a close-reading set of 120 papers and organised into 44 chapters, it maps the year by the field's research sub-directions.

Book framework (share of the year's output):

• Gamma-ray and Neutron Spectroscopy Detection (21.4%) — Development of scintillator arrays and spectrometers for high-energy gamma-ray and neutron measurements in nuclear and astrophysical contexts.
• Superconducting and Single-Photon Detector Technologies (15.0%) — Advancements in superconducting nanowire and cryogenic detectors for single-photon detection and low-background particle experiments.
• High-Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy Systems (14.0%) — Improving spatial and energy resolution in microscopy, spectroscopy, and sensor readout systems for precision measurements.
• Detector Prototyping and Performance Evaluation (13.3%) — Design, simulation, and experimental testing of silicon-based detectors and readout electronics for particle physics experiments.
• Real-Time Data Acquisition and Control Systems (9.8%) — Implementation of fast data acquisition, real-time monitoring, and control systems for detector operations and quantum sensing.
• Low-Energy and Cryogenic Measurement Techniques (7.4%) — Characterization of low-energy backgrounds and development of low-noise cryogenic systems for rare-event searches.
• Machine Learning for Detector Reconstruction (6.0%) — Application of machine learning algorithms for event reconstruction, trigger optimization, and simulation in particle detectors.
• Liquid Noble Gas Time Projection Chambers (5.3%) — Optimization of liquid argon and xenon time projection chambers for neutrino and dark matter detection.
• Dark Matter and Axion Search Detectors (4.0%) — Specialized detector configurations and background rejection techniques for direct dark matter and axion searches.
• Gravitational Wave Detector Instrumentation (3.8%) — Development of noise control, optical systems, and novel sensor technologies for gravitational wave detection.

Each sub-direction is covered across three chapters — how it framed its questions, the strength of its key findings, and its open debates and frontiers — so the reader gets a traceable picture of what this part of the field actually produced over the year.